1A: Color of Light Reflected by Papers

Correct Responses

• Identifies the correct color(s) reflected by each piece of paper:
  • Paper 1: White
  • Paper 2: Red
  • Paper 3: Green
  • Paper 4: No colors
• As above but identifies that Paper 1 (white) reflects ‘all’ colors (may indicate this with just a list of colors from the table or the additive primaries – red, green, and blue).

Partial Responses

• Correctly identifies Papers 1, 2 and 3 only; Paper 4 is identified as reflecting ‘black’ light.
• Other partially correct (that identifies 2 or 3 papers correctly)

Incorrect Responses

• Identifies only one paper correctly.
• Other incorrect

1B: Demonstration of Sunlight Separated Into Colors

Correct Responses

• Mentions the use of a prism or equivalent.
• Mentions a rainbow.
• Mentions sunrise and/or sunset.
• Mentions a way to demonstrate combining light colors (red, green, blue) to produce white light.
• Other correct
  • Examples:
    • Soap bubbles.
    • Oil slicks.

Incorrect Response

• Other

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2: Comparing Color of Light from Flashlight and Sunlight

Correct Response

• Explains that the color (spectra) of the two light sources must be the same/similar (white light) based on the results of the experiment.
  • Examples:
    • Since the papers looked the same color, the light from the flashlight must be pretty much the same as sunlight.
    • They both are white light.
    • The colors reflected by the papers are the same, so the light must be the same.
  • Note: For full credit, a response must refer to the color (spectrum) of the light sources explicitly or implicitly by referring to the experimental results (similarity in the appearance of the different colored papers).

Partial Response

• Mentions only that sunlight and the flashlight are the ‘same’ with no further justification.

Incorrect Responses

• Mentions only that sunlight and flashlight are different.
  • Examples:
    • They both have different types of rays coming from them.
• Other incorrect

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4: Explaining Why Green/Red Paper Appear Black Under Red/Green Light

Correct Response

• Explanation refers to the color(s) of light absorbed, reflected or transmitted by the paper(s) AND the filter(s).
  • Examples:
    • Only green light passes through the green filter. When it hits the red paper it is not reflected because the red paper reflects mostly red light. So it looks black.

Partial Responses

• Explanation refers ONLY to the color(s) of light absorbed/reflected by the papers(s).
  • Examples:
    • When red light shines on green paper, the red light will all be absorbed.
• Explanation refers ONLY to the color(s) of light absorbed/transmitted by the filters(s).
  • Examples:
    • There is no green light coming through the red filter, so you can ’t see the green color of the paper.

Incorrect Responses

• Mentions only color mixing.
  • Examples:
    • Because red and green mixed together makes black.
• Mentions reflection, transmission or absorption of light, but with no or incorrect identification of the specific colors involved.
  • Examples:
    • The other colors get reflected.
    • When the filter absorbs a color it appears black.
• Other incorrect

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5: Effect of Filters on Dye Fading

Correct Responses

• States that filters absorb (certain colors) of light. [Uses correct scientific terms.]
  • Examples:
    • Filters are used to absorb the color of sunlight that is causing the fading.
    • Because of the light absorption by the filters.
• Refers to filters ‘blocking’ light or similar. [Uses non-scientific terms.]
  • Examples:
    • When filters are placed over the photograph, they only let some of the light through.
    • Less sunlight reaches the photograph when there is a filter.
    • The filters block out the light.

Incorrect Responses

• Refers only to an effect or property of sunlight; no explicit mention of the function of filters.
  • Examples:
    • The sunlight is very strong.
    • Sunlight contains a mixture of colors.
• Other incorrect

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